Ultraviolet and visible radiations are absorbed by fluorescent materials at short wavelengths and re-emitted at longer wavelengths. Spectral curve of fluorescent material consists of true and fluorescent reflection. The common Kubelka-Munk color model describes the reflectance of a translucent sample without considering fluorescence component; so, true spectral reflection of fluorescent materials should be separated from fluorescence emission. To this aim, there are some methods such as filter application to reduce fluorescence component, polychromatic and monochromatic spectrophotometers and computational methods to eliminate or decrease the fluorescence effect. At present study, to separate the true reflectance component from the fluorescence emission, the total spectral radiance FACTOR of the fluorescent dyes was compared with the reflectance of the substrate through all visible wavelengths and exciting, crossover and emission region were determined. Accordingly, the total radiance FACTOR curve can be separated into two parts of true and fluorescence reflection with considering of the Kubelka-Munk theory for the true reflectance part, simply and without any especial equipment.

For increasing isotopic SEPARATION power of a gas centrifuge, the axial circulating flows are created by mechanical or thermal drives. In this paper, the feed injection (mechanical drive) and the axial temperature gradient (thermal drive) are used to induce an internal circulating flow and a model is applied as a governing differential equation of the gas motion. The out coming of the purely axial flow model is used along with the diffusion equation to obtain concentrations of different isotopes at the gas exodus orifices. The machine separative FACTOR is obtained after specifying xP (the product concentration of lighter isotope) and xW (the waste concentration of lighter isotope) from the enriching and stripping sections. Finally, the dependency of the separative FACTOR to rotor speed, cut and feed flow rate was investigated.

Background: The biological function of nerve-growth FACTOR (NGF) is initiated by specific interactions with extracellular sites of two classes of NGF receptors (NGFR). The receptor expression is shown to be induced by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. and Parkinson's disease. The extracellular region of NGFR is found to be truncated (T-NGER) and diffused into biological t1uids such as urine. The determination of T-NGFR in the biological fluids, therefore, may be used as a marker to determine the stage of neurodegenerative diseases.Objective: This study was designed to develop a t1uororeceptor assay (FRA) for determinaion of T-NGFR in urine. Methods: NGF was purified from the submaxillary glands of mice and labeled by t1uoresein isothiocyanate (F-NGF). Then antiserum against F-NGF was raised in rabbit.Results: When F-NGF was incubated with rabit anti-flurescein serum, fluorescein intensity of F-NGF was quenched significantly. However addition of urine sample in the assay mixture reversed the fluourscence intensity, to a level near to that of F-NGF alone. It appears that binding of the protein moiety of F-NGF with urinary T-NGFR prevents subsequent binding of the t1uorescein groups by anti-fluorescein. The results indicated that the t1uorescence intensity of the assay mixture directly ret1ects the amount of T-NGFR in the urine. Conclusion: It is concluded that the avilability of fluorescein - labeled NGF and anitibody against it permits measurement of T-NGFR in urine. The quality of the assay and it's preliminary clinical application for nerurodegenerative diseases have been evaluated.

In this paper it is attempted to study seismic responses of adjacent buildings subjected to earthquake induced pounding and to clarify pounding effects for various SEPARATION gaps. An analytical model of adjacent buildings resting on a half-space is provided whilst the buildings are connected by visco-elastic contact force model. Results show that with same SEPARATION gap, adjacent buildings with structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) are more likely to pound together than buildings with fixed-based (FB) condition. Also, building condition gets worse due to pounding because the seismic responses of buildings are unfavourably increased and the condition becomes more critical if the SEPARATION gap becomes narrower.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the FACTOR structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory FACTOR analysis showed that there are two FACTORs "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory FACTOR analysis. Altogether results of this research showed FACTOR validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two FACTOR pattern

Aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the flow regime on SEPARATION in the gaseous diffusion system, the effect of the Knudsen number on the SEPARATION FACTOR, and the diffusion velocity of the particles. In the current research, firstly, a brief description of the theory that governs the system will be given. Then, with the simulation of an element, the effect of the type of flow regime and Knudsen number on the variation of enrichment, the SEPARATION FACTORs and the diffusion velocity of the light and heavy components inside the pores are investigated. Results are compared by theoretical equations. It is also should mentioning that two light and heavy isotopes of UF6 gas have been used for SEPARATION by gaseous diffusion method. The results will show, SEPARATION does not occur in the continuous flow regime, and SEPARATION will be occurring only in the molecular and transient flow regime. Also, with the increment of the Knudsen number, the amount of changes in the enrichment in different parts of the system will increase compared to the incoming gas. In other words, with the increment of Knudsen number, more SEPARATION is formed and the SEPARATION FACTOR of the system increases. For instance, for a Knudsen number of 0. 1, the SEPARATION FACTOR is equal to 1. 00101, and for a Knudsen number of 0. 8, this value will increase to 1. 00333. Finally, the diffusion velocity of the particles inside the pores, which is criteria of the effective SEPARATION of the particles, has been investigated. The results show that the diffusion velocity of particles for the light component is higher than heavy component, and this is due to the higher intensity of the particles of the light component passing through the pores.